Lecture with Some Illustrations of Greek Architecture and
Engineering
History 221, University of Richmond/Stevenson How can Greek
architecture be tied into an investigation of the improvement of the polis and
pan-Hellenic solidarity? This lecture will most effective set up the problem
and then, to recommend a tentative road for exploration, consciousness on the
function that architecture performs in political chauvinism (ancient and
current).Problems in know-how enormous architecture within the polis Classic
Athenian temple: T. Of Hephaistos where to get the cash to construct these? Who
constructed them? Who had been the architects? How did they develop the
"delicate" appearance? How were they deliberate (extant plan)? How
had been the plans translated into building? Political Chauvinism
The
international of the metropoleis became vaunted by using all our leading
sources, Herodotus, Thucydides and Xenophon in antiquity (and by means of
imperialist historians in, for instance, Britain, France and Russia, in the
modern-day duration). But the evidence of engineering suggests that the
colonized poleis of Sicily outstripped their mom cities in monumental
structure. Problem of Greek Monumental Architecture: Roofing Monumental
Architectural comes from Egypt and the Near east: Portico of Temple of Anubis
(ca. 1500 BC) How had been early Greek roofs made? Model from Perachora (ca.
725 BC) What might spur production of low pitch roofs (as in T. Of Hephaistus
above)? Terracotta tile manufacturing appears to have begun in Corinth around
700 BC. How to construct a tile roof? Reconstruction of traditional roof plan.
How massive can one of these roof be? How massive do you want your temple?
Modern examples: Big Example 1; Bigger Example 2; Yet Bigger Example 3
Solutions Egypt/Near East: lots of columns in middle of space (e.G. Valley
Temple at Giza, ca. 2500 BC) Limits of traditional Greek roofing: enormous
roofs in Paestum (Reconstructed elevations of temples at Paestum) Longest span
to roof in Aegean Greece: eleven meters (Parthenon) Longest span to roof in
Sicily: 18 meters (temple of Apollo at Selinus) How ought to the Sicilians
pinnacle the Parthenon? Compare with the roof of the temple of Demeter at
Gaggera (cp. Reconstruction of conventional roof plan) Selinuntines used a
truss? Cf. Trevor Hodge, The Woodwork of Greek Roofs, Cambridge, 1960, pp.
41-42: "We are pressured to admit that whatever the outdoor evidence, the
direct evidence of the buildings themselves points logically and inexorably to
simplest one conclusion: the Sicilian architect became familiar with the
precept of the truss, and employed it often from approximately 550 onwards. The
objections to this view are obvious. The leader one is that Sicilian structure
is so imitative and backward relative to that of the mainland that it appears
brilliant that it can invent for itself a principle so complicated; and
expertise of the truss changed into absolutely no longer, at that date, derived
from Greece
. This is the quandary that has tormented many scholars: how ought
to the Sicilians recognize about the truss if the Greeks did not?"
Supporting proof: Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants, five.6.2 "The wooden
of the silver-fir can be referred to as the stongest of all. But for the
chippie's purposes fir quality takes glue due to its open texture and the
straightness of its pores; for they are saying that it by no means by using
risk comes apart whilst it's far glued." Supporting evidence II:
Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants, 5.8.1 "But largest of all, they are
saying, are the trees of Corsica; for while silver-fir and fir develop in
Latium to a completely extremely good size, and are taller and finer than the
silver-firs and firs of south Italy, those are said to be nothing to the trees
of Corsica." Conclusions Political delight of polis requires the biggest
viable monument, which presentations the wealth, energy and technological
ingenuity of the town. Literary texts and cutting-edge historiographical
tendencies have centered artwork historians on the japanese half of of historic
Greece. Archaeological stays of Sicily show us that the western poleis gained
this conflict of political prominence.
How can Greek structure be tied into an investigation of the
development of the polis and pan-Hellenic team spirit? This lecture will most
effective set up the problem and then, to advocate a tentative street for
exploration, recognition at the position that structure plays in political
chauvinism (ancient and current).Problems in understanding huge structure
within the polis Classic Athenian temple: T. Of Hephaistos in which to get the
money to construct these? Who built them? Who had been the architects? How did
they broaden the "subtle" appearance? How had been they planned
(extant plan)? How had been the plans translated into building? Political
Chauvinism The international of the metropoleis turned into vaunted via all our
leading resources, Herodotus, Thucydides and Xenophon in antiquity (and by way
of imperialist historians in, as an instance, Britain, France and Russia,
inside the modern-day duration). But the proof of engineering shows that the
colonized poleis of Sicily outstripped their mom cities in monumental
architecture. Problem of Greek Monumental Architecture: Roofing Monumental
Architectural comes from Egypt and the Near east: Portico of Temple of Anubis
(ca. 1500 BC) How were early Greek roofs made? Model from Perachora (ca. 725
BC) What might spur production of low pitch roofs (as in T. Of Hephaistus
above)? Terracotta tile production seems to have all started in Corinth around
seven-hundred BC. How to build a tile roof? Reconstruction of conventional roof
plan. How huge can this kind of roof be? How huge do you need your temple?
Modern examples: Big Example 1; Bigger Example 2; Yet Bigger Example 3
Solutions Egypt/Near East: plenty of columns in middle of area (e.G. Valley
Temple at Giza, ca. 2500 BC) Limits of traditional Greek roofing: monumental
roofs in Paestum (Reconstructed elevations of temples at Paestum) Longest span
to roof in Aegean Greece: 11 meters (Parthenon) Longest span to roof in Sicily:
18 meters (temple of Apollo at Selinus) How ought to the Sicilians pinnacle the
Parthenon? Compare with the roof of the temple of Demeter at Gaggera (cp.
Reconstruction of traditional roof plan) Selinuntines used a truss? Cf. Trevor
Hodge,
The Woodwork of Greek Roofs, Cambridge, 1960, pp. Forty one-42: "We
are pressured to confess that whatever the out of doors evidence, the direct
proof of the buildings themselves factors logically and inexorably to best one
end: the Sicilian architect become acquainted with the precept of the truss,
and employed it frequently from about 550 onwards. The objections to this view
are obvious. The leader one is that Sicilian structure is so imitative and
backward relative to that of the mainland that it appears remarkable that it is
able to invent for itself a precept so complicated; and knowledge of the truss
become absolutely no longer, at that date, derived from Greece. This is the catch
22 situation that has tormented many pupils: how could the Sicilians recognize
about the truss if the Greeks did not?" Supporting proof: Theophrastus,
Enquiry into Plants, 5.6.2 "The wooden of the silver-fir can be called the
stongest of all. But for the carpenter's purposes fir high-quality takes glue
because of its open texture and the straightness of its pores; for they say
that it in no way by using danger comes aside whilst it is glued."
Supporting evidence II: Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants, five.Eight.1
"But biggest of all, they are saying, are the bushes of Corsica; for
whereas silver-fir and fir develop in Latium to a very superb length, and are
taller and finer than the silver-firs and firs of south Italy, these are stated
to be nothing to the timber of Corsica." Conclusions Political
satisfaction of polis calls for the largest feasible monument, which shows the
wealth, strength and technological ingenuity of the town. Literary texts and
modern historiographical tendencies have centered art historians on the jap
half of historical Greece. Archaeological remains of Sicily show us that the
western poleis received this conflict of political prominence.
How can Greek architecture be tied into an investigation of
the improvement of the polis and pan-Hellenic harmony? This lecture will
simplest establish the problem after which, to suggest a tentative road for
exploration, consciousness on the function that structure performs in political
chauvinism (ancient and cutting-edge).Problems in expertise monumental
architecture within the polis Classic Athenian temple: T. Of Hephaistos in
which to get the cash to build these? Who constructed them? Who have been the
architects? How did they broaden the "delicate" look? How were they
planned (extant plan)? How had been the plans translated into constructing?
Political Chauvinism The international of the metropoleis changed into vaunted
with the aid of all our leading assets, Herodotus, Thucydides and Xenophon in
antiquity (and via imperialist historians in, as an example, Britain, France
and Russia, within the present day length). But the proof of engineering shows
that the colonized poleis of Sicily outstripped their mother cities in
monumental architecture. Problem of Greek Monumental Architecture: Roofing Monumental
Architectural comes from Egypt and the Near east: Portico of Temple of Anubis
(ca. 1500 BC) How had been early Greek roofs made? Model from Perachora (ca.
725 BC)
What would spur manufacturing of low pitch roofs (as in T. Of
Hephaistus above)? Terracotta tile production appears to have begun in Corinth
around seven-hundred BC. How to build a tile roof? Reconstruction of
conventional roof plan. How massive can this sort of roof be? How big do you
want your temple? Modern examples: Big Example 1; Bigger Example 2; Yet Bigger
Example 3 Solutions Egypt/Near East: masses of columns in center of space (e.G.
Valley Temple at Giza, ca. 2500 BC) Limits of traditional Greek roofing:
monumental roofs in Paestum (Reconstructed elevations of temples at Paestum) Longest
span to roof in Aegean Greece: eleven meters (Parthenon) Longest span to roof
in Sicily: 18 meters (temple of Apollo at Selinus) How should the Sicilians top
the Parthenon? Compare with the roof of the temple of Demeter at Gaggera (cp.
Reconstruction of conventional roof plan) Selinuntines used a truss? Cf. Trevor
Hodge, The Woodwork of Greek Roofs, Cambridge, 1960, pp. 41-forty two: "We
are forced to admit that regardless of the outside proof, the direct proof of
the buildings themselves factors logically and inexorably to only one end: the
Sicilian architect become familiar with the principle of the truss, and
employed it regularly from about 550 onwards. The objections to this view are
obvious. The leader one is that Sicilian architecture is so imitative and
backward relative to that of the mainland that it appears remarkable that it
can invent for itself a principle so complex; and knowledge of the truss
changed into really no longer, at that date, derived from Greece. This is the
quandary that has tormented many students: how should the Sicilians know
approximately the truss if the Greeks did not?" Supporting proof:
Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants, 5.6.2 "The wood of the silver-fir can
be referred to as the stongest of all. But for the wood worker's purposes fir
high-quality takes glue because of its open texture and the straightness of its
pores; for they say that it never by threat comes aside when it's miles
glued." Supporting evidence II: Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants,
5.Eight.1 "But biggest of all, they are saying, are the bushes of Corsica;
for while silver-fir and fir develop in Latium to a totally outstanding length,
and are taller and finer than the silver-firs and firs of south Italy, these
are stated to be nothing to the timber of Corsica." Conclusions Political
delight of polis calls for the largest viable monument, which displays the
wealth, energy and technological ingenuity of the metropolis. Literary texts
and current historiographical developments have targeted artwork historians at
the japanese 1/2 of ancient Greece. Archaeological remains of Sicily display us
that the western poleis received this battle of political prominence.
How can Greek structure be tied into an investigation of the
development of the polis and pan-Hellenic harmony? This lecture will only set
up the problem and then, to recommend a tentative street for exploration,
attention at the function that architecture performs in political chauvinism
(historical and cutting-edge).Problems in know-how enormous architecture within
the polis Classic Athenian temple: T. Of Hephaistos wherein to get the cash to
build these? Who constructed them? Who had been the architects? How did they
develop the "delicate" appearance? How had been they deliberate
(extant plan)? How had been the plans translated into constructing? Political
Chauvinism The global of the metropoleis was vaunted by way of all our main
sources, Herodotus, Thucydides and Xenophon in antiquity (and by way of
imperialist historians in, as an example, Britain, France and Russia, in the
contemporary length). But the evidence of engineering shows that the colonized
poleis of Sicily outstripped their mother towns in enormous structure. Problem
of Greek Monumental Architecture: Roofing Monumental Architectural comes from
Egypt and the Near east: Portico of Temple of Anubis (ca. 1500 BC) How had been
early Greek roofs made? Model from Perachora (ca. 725 BC) What could spur
manufacturing of low pitch roofs (as in T. Of Hephaistus above)? Terracotta
tile production appears to have begun in Corinth round s
even hundred BC. How to
construct a tile roof? Reconstruction of conventional roof plan. How huge can
any such roof be? How large do you want your temple? Modern examples: Big
Example 1; Bigger Example 2; Yet Bigger Example three Solutions Egypt/Near
East: plenty of columns in middle of area (e.G. Valley Temple at Giza, ca. 2500
BC) Limits of conventional Greek roofing: monumental roofs in Paestum
(Reconstructed elevations of temples at Paestum) Longest span to roof in Aegean
Greece: 11 meters (Parthenon) Longest span to roof in Sicily: 18 meters (temple
of Apollo at Selinus) How ought to the Sicilians top the Parthenon? Compare
with the roof of the temple of Demeter at Gaggera (cp. Reconstruction of
conventional roof plan) Selinuntines used a truss? Cf. Trevor Hodge, The
Woodwork of Greek Roofs, Cambridge, 1960, pp. Forty one-forty two: "We are
forced to confess that whatever the outdoor proof, the direct evidence of the
homes themselves points logically and inexorably to best one end: the Sicilian
architect became acquainted with the principle of the truss, and employed it
frequently from about 550 onwards. The objections to this view are obvious. The
chief one is that Sicilian structure is so imitative and backward relative to
that of the mainland that it appears super that it is able to invent for itself
a principle so complex; and knowledge of the truss was truely now not, at that
date,@ Read More minisecond
